Recognizing depression in children and teens can be difficult, as it often looks different than it does in adults. While adults might show clear sadness or low energy, children’s symptoms can be more subtle. Catching these signs early is key to helping them get the support they need.
Understanding Depression in Youth
Depression is a mental health condition that affects individuals of all ages, including children and teenagers. It is characterized by persistent changes in mood and activity levels that interfere with daily functioning. Importantly, depression is not a sign of weakness or something that one can simply "snap out of"; it is a medical condition that typically requires treatment to improve.
Potential Signs and Symptoms
While sadness is a common symptom of depression, children and teens may exhibit other behaviors that can be overlooked or attributed to typical developmental changes. Parents, teachers, caretakers and providers can watch for the following signs:
● Academic Decline: A noticeable drop in grades can be a red flag. While various factors can contribute to academic struggles, depression is a potential underlying factor that should be considered.
● Irritability and Anger: Increased irritability or frequent anger outbursts, especially if these behaviors are new or escalating, may indicate the presence of depression.
● Loss of Interest: A sudden disinterest in activities that were previously enjoyed can be a significant indicator. This withdrawal from hobbies or social engagements is often a manifestation of depressive symptoms.
● Social Withdrawal: Spending less time with friends or family and more time alone, can be concerning signs. This could also look like challenges in maintaining relationships.
● Risky Behaviors: Engaging in dangerous activities or self harming, such as cutting. If a child presents these symptoms, this requires immediate attention.
● Physical Complaints: Persistent complaints of headaches, stomachaches, or other unexplained physical ailments. It is important to have a medical professional rule out physical causes, when possible, while being mindful that they can also be manifestations of depression.
● Fatigue and Sleep Issues: Chronic tiredness, difficulty sleeping, or sleeping too much are common symptoms of depressed youth.
Challenges in Recognition
Many parents feel confident in their ability to recognize depression in their children; however, studies indicate that two-thirds find it difficult to determine if these challenges are signs of depression or normal developmental changes. Children and teens may also hide their feelings, which can make it harder for parents to recognize the signs.
Importance of Early Intervention
Early detection and treatment of depression are imperative. Untreated depression can lead to long-term mental health issues and, in severe cases, increase the risk of suicide. If parents observe concerning behaviors or changes in their child's mood, it is important to consult healthcare professionals promptly.
Conclusion
Recognizing depression in children and adolescents requires being mindful of behavioral and emotional changes that may not align with typical adult presentations of the condition. By staying informed and observant, parents and other caretakers can play a pivotal role in identifying depression early and seeking additional support for their children.
References
● Harvard Health Publishing. (2018, March 14). In children and teens, depression doesn’t always look like sadness. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/in-children-and-teens-depression-doesnt-always-look-like-sadness-2018031313472
● Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Depression in teens. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/all-childrens-hospital/services/pediatric-and-adolescent-medicine/adolescent-and-young-adult-specialty-clinic/depression-in-teens
● Psychology Today. (2019, November 26). Will you know if your child is depressed?https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/shouldstorm/201911/will-you-know-if-your-child-is-depressed